CRICKET SPORTS

Cricket

Cricket is a bat-and-ball team sport that originates in southern England. The earliest definite reference is dated 1598, plus it is now played in more than 100 countries. There are several forms of cricket; at its highest level is Test cricket. Test cricket is followed in rank by One Day International cricket, the format of the Cricket World Cup. The last World Cup was televise in over 200 countries to a viewing audience estimated at more than two billion spectators. A cricket match is contest by two team, usually of eleven players each and is play on a lawn field in the centre of which is a flat strip of ground 22 yards (20 m) long called a playing field. A wicket, typically made of wood, is placed at each end of the pitch and used as a goal. The bowler, a player from the fielding side, bowls a hard leather, fist-sized, 5.5-ounce (160 g) cricket ball from the surrounding area of one wicket towards the other, which is guarded by the batsman, a player from the opposite team. The ball usually bounces once before attainment the batsman. In defense of his wicket, the batsman plays the ball with a made of wood cricket bat. Meanwhile, the other members of the bowler's team stand in a variety of positions approximately the field as fielders, players who retrieve the ball in an attempt to stop the batsman scoring runs, and if possible to get him or her out. The batsman—if he or she does not get out—may run flanked by the wickets, exchanging ends with a second batsman (the "non-striker"), who has be stationed at the other end of the pitch. Each completed exchange of ends scores one run. Runs are also score if the batsman hits the ball to the boundary of the in concert area. The number of runs scored and the number of players out are the main factors that decide the eventual match result. There are several variation as to how long a game of cricket can last. In professional cricket this can be anything from a match limited to 20 lovers per side to a diversion played over 5 days. Depending on the span of the game being played, there are different rules that govern how a game is won, lost, wan or tied. Cricket is essentially an outdoor sport, certainly at major level, and a few games are played under floodlights. For example, it is played during the summer in Australia, the United Kingdom, New Zealand and South Africa, whilst in India, the West Indies, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh it is play mostly during the winter after the monsoon season. Governance rests primarily with the International Cricket Council (ICC), based in Dubai, which organists the sport worldwide via the home controlling bodies of the member countries. The ICC administers both men's and women's cricket, both versions being played at international level. Although men cannot play women's cricket, the rules do not disqualify women from exist in a men's side. The rules are in the form of a rules known as The Laws of Cricket and these are maintained by the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC), based in London, in discussion with the ICC and the home boards of control.

History

Early cricket was at some time or another described as "a club arresting a ball (like) the very old games of club-ball, stool-ball, trap-ball, stab-ball". Cricket can definitely be traced back to Tudor times in early on 16th-century England. Written evidence exists of a game known as creak being played by Prince Edward, the son of Edward I (Longs hanks), at Needed, Kent in 1301 and there has been rumor, but no evidence, that this was a form of cricket. A number of other words contain been suggested as sources for the term "cricket". In the earliest definite reference to the sport in 1598, it is called Crockett. Given the strong medieval trade connections between south-east England and the region of Flanders when the latter belonged to the Duchy of Burgundy, the name may have been derived from the center Dutch cricks(-e), meaning a stick (crook); or the Old English crick or crime sense a crutch or staff. In Old French, the word croquette seems to have meant a kind of club or stick. In Samuel Johnson's Dictionary, he derived cricket as of "crime, Saxon, a stick". Another possible source is the Middle Dutch word trickster, meaning a long low stool used for kneeling in church and which resembled the long low wicket with two stumps used in late cricket. According to Weiner Gillmeister, a European language expert of Bonn University, "cricket" derives from the Middle Dutch phrase for hockey, met de (Kirk kept)seen (i.e., "with the stick pursue").In 1598^. a court case referred to a sport called crickets being played by boys at the Royal Grammar School, Guildford around 1550. This is the sport's earliest definite mentions. It is believed that it was at first a for children game but references around 1610 indicate that adults had started playing it and the earliest reference to inter-parish or village cricket occurs soon afterwards. In 1624, a player called Jasper Vial was killed when he was struck on the head throughout a match between two parish teams in Sussex. During the 17th century, numerous references indicate the growth of cricket in the south-east of England. By the end of the century, it had become an organized activity being played for high stake and it is believed that the first professionals appeared in the years following the Restoration in 1660. A paper report survives of "a immense cricket match" with eleven players a side that was played for high stake in Sussex in 1697 and this is the earliest known orientation to a cricket match of such importance. The first English touring team on board ship at Liverpool in 1859 The game underwent major expansion in the 18th century and became the national sport of England. Betting played a major part in that development with rich patrons forming their own "select Six". Cricket was prominent in London as early as 1707 and large crowds flocked to matches on the guns Ground in Fins bury. The single wicket form of the sport attracted huge crowds and wagers to match. Bowling evolved around 1760 when bowlers began to arena the ball instead of rolling or skimming it towards the batsman. This caused a revolution in bat design because, to deal in the midst of the bouncing ball, it was necessary to introduce the modern straight bat in place of the old "hockey stick" shape. The Mableton Club was founded in the 1760s as well as, for the next 20 years until the formation of MCC and the gap of Lord's Old Ground in 1787, Chameleon was both the game's greatest club and its focal point. MCC quickly became the sport's premier club and the custodian of the law of Cricket. New Laws introduced in the latter part of the 18th century included the three stump wicket and leg before wicket (law).The 19th century saying underarm bowling replaced by first round arm and then overran bowling. Both developments were controversial. Organization of the game at county level led to the creation of the county club, starting with Sussex CCC in 1839, which ultimately formed the official County finals in 1890. Meanwhile, the British Empire had been instrumental in spreading the game overseas and by the heart of the 19th century it had become well established in India, North America, the Caribbean, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand. In 1844, the first ever global cricket match took place between the United States and Canada (although neither has ever been ranked as a Test-playing nation).Sir Don Barman had a Test usual of 99.94 and an overall first-class average of 95.14, records unmatched by some other player.In 1859, a team of England players went on the primary overseas tour (to North America) and in 1862, an English team made the primary tour of Australia. In 1876-77, an England side took part in the first-ever Test match at the Melbourne Cricket Ground against Australia.W G Grace begin started his long career in 1865; his career is often said to have revolutionized the sport